In April 2022, England introduced the above Act which limits English companies from providing some essay-writing services to students at English institutions.
English students CAN continue to order from me if they are:
• Ordering a permitted essay-writing service (e.g., private research)
• An international customer
• A student in Scotland or Northern Ireland
• Studying abroad
• Ordering editing, marking, proofreading, tutoring, application assistance, copy-writing or model-writing services.
When ordering essay-writing materials, all English customers are required to confirm that they meet one of the above exemptions.

When you order proofreading and editing services from law-essay.com you can rest assured that it will not be sub-contracted to an individual with whom you have no direct contact.
Most medium and large essay proofreading companies keep the identity of their proofreaders secret and all requests for amendments are filtered through the company. This means there is often a delay with dealing with requests and you are not able to speak directly to the writer to clarify issues or to make a simple verbal amendment to your instructions. Having to deal with the company at each stage inevitably results in delays.
Dealing with law-essay.com is a totally different proposition. Only one person will ever proofread or edit your essay namely myself, There is just one focal contact which means you speak to the person responsible for your work thus providing a more streamlined and human approach.

A brief introduction to OSCOLA referencing.
The Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is the preferred referencing style used by many institutions that offer courses in Law.
When you are asked to use OSCOLA referencing in your work you must reference your sources of information In footnotes and a bibliography.

Footnotes

• When citing another work in your Essay or Coursework, insert a small superscript number (eg 1) to signify a footnote.
• Insert the reference in the footnote at the bottom of the same page.
• In your footnote reference, refer to a specific page, or range of pages (eg 9-11) if appropriate (this is called 'pinpointing').
• If you do not insert appropriate pages in your footnotes you will lose marks.

It is worthwhile noting that Microsoft Word has an inbuilt facility for automatically inserting footnotes which can save time and effort.


Bibliography

• At the end of your essay or coursework include all your references in a bibliography.
• A bibliography should comprise a list of every source of information you have used in writing your  essay or coursework. This should also include sources you have used for background reading even if they have not been referred to directly in your essay or coursework.
• In your bibliography reference the information source as a whole, not specific pages. The footnotes at the end of each page will reference the precise page or range of pages.

The form of a Bibliography.

• Table of Cases
• Table of Legislation
• Bibliography (ie, all other secondary sources, such as books, journal and newspaper articles, official publications (eg Law Reports), online information (eg lectures by academics or judges), etc.)

Always ask your tutor which format you should follow in case they require a different version with Cases and Legislation being set out at the beginning of your essay or coursework.

You won’t have visited this website unless you are interested in Law.

When applying for further education courses or professional qualifications you will inevitably be asked the reasons why you want to study law. In response you need to give structured and convincing answers. This can be a little daunting if you have not considered it before and it is easy to feel confused. If you write something vague it will be unconvincing and it is likely that you will be turned down.
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Some people give the answer that they think the recipient will expect and often embellish it with experiences and attitudes that do not always ring true. It may be tempting to say that you have always been interested in Law and you have read the Law Society Gazette avidly as a child. Honesty is the best policy and being authentic with your replies will be met with more interest than overzealous enthusiasm which borders on fabrication.

I can help you structure and complete your Personal Statements or any application pertaining to your future in Law.
 
 

Darnley v Croydon Health Services NHS Trust [2018] UKSC 50 

This case concerns an appeal by Michael Darnley to the Supreme Court against the dismissal of his negligence claim.

Facts
Mr Darnley received a head injury resulting from an assault. After arriving at the Trust’s Mayday Hospital in Croydon he explained his symptoms to the receptionist. The receptionist informed him that it would be 4-5 hours before he could be seen. However that information was incorrect and in fact he would have been seen within 30 minutes of his arrival by a triage nurse.
Mr Darnley was feeling very unwell and he left the hospital 19 minutes after his arrival. Not long after he left the triage nurse announced he could be seen but it was too late. Unfortunately his condition rapidly deteriorated and his family phoned for an ambulance that evening. On admission the Trust gave him a CT scan which confirmed the presence of an extra dural haematoma. He was transferred to the neurosurgical unit at St George’s, Tooting, but it was too late to stop the development of permanent brain damage. As a result the claimant has been left with a severe left hemiplegia and long-term disabilities.
Both the Judge at first instance and the Court of Appeal found for the Trust on the issue of liability. The Supreme Court has disagreed and allowed the appeal.

Main Findings
The Supreme Court considered that the inferior courts had confused or conflated the issue about whether a duty of care existed with the issue of whether that duty had been breached. The trial judge found that there was no duty on the receptionist to guard against such harm adding that it would be unreasonable to impose such a duty on the Trust. The Supreme Court fundamentally disagreed with this premise.
 
The Supreme Court stated that the case has not created new law and there already exists a duty of care between a hospital and patient. It is a long established principle that once a patient is “booked in” to a casualty department a duty of care arises.  By virtue of vicarious liability the receptionist at the Mayday Hospital owed Mr Darnley a common law duty of care which involved giving reasonably accurate information regarding waiting times.
The duty of care clearly encapsulates the duty not to give false of misleading information that might cause such injury. It was negligent for the receptionist to tell Mr Darnley that he would not be seen for between 4 to 5 hours when the accurate information was that he could reasonably expect the triage nurse to see him within 30 minutes.

The duty of care owed by the Trust is to be viewed in a holistic manner and so it is inappropriate to distinguish between medical and non-medical staff.
It would be appropriate to differentiate between clinical and non-clinical staff when determining the standard of care in terms of ascertaining whether the duty had been breached. However such differentiation is irrelevant when deciding whether the duty of care exists in the first place. By way of example Lord Lloyd-Jones referred to the case of Kent v Griffiths [2001] QB 36 where the London Ambulance Service was found liable in negligence for its delay in responding to an emergency call which resulted in the claimant suffering brain damage. 

Are there implications for Hospital Trusts?
The NHS should be concerned that their staff are well trained as untrained staff could result in negligence claims of a similar nature, depleting valuable resources and further compromising patient care.
One likely and wise outcome from this case would be for healthcare providers to provide sensible guidance to their first line reception staff, to ensure that patients are not given incorrect or misleading information.

If you ask most people what they think proofreading entails the usual response is “spelling and grammar” correction. Naturally proofreading does encompass these services but legal proofreading in particular requires more input.

In order for effective proofreading of LLB and LLM essays, dissertations and theses, a person trained and experienced in the law is vital since general proofreaders are unlikely to possess the requisite skills involved in proofreading legal documents.

Studying law is a specialist art and writing law essays requires particular skills. Those untrained in the law would fail to spot the structure required in a law essay and the particular way in which a  problem/scenario type question needs answering.  It would be extremely difficult for general or non-legal proofreaders to proofread legal documents, as they are unlikely to be familiar with the correct  presentation of legal arguments, the citation of case law, the various Latin phrases used and legal terminology. In particular international students, for whom English is their second language, often find it more difficult to express their arguments and would benefit from trained legal practitioners. Effective proofreaders don’t just have excellent English language skills, they also possess advanced editing skills which can have a profound improvement on essay and ultimately the mark awarded. As an experienced proofreader, I can assist with word count reduction, formatting, structuring and referencing systems.

Further education establishments have strict requirements for submission of work. Failure to adhere to these requirements can easily result in lost valuable marks. Many students writing law essays and dissertations, struggle to adhere to the required legal referencing system. Most universities follow the system of the Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) although the Harvard system is popular particularly in Criminology. Using the correct referencing system can prove particularly difficult for students to master as it affects the way in which citations of cases, books, journals, consultation or policy papers and online sources are to be presented. A competent legal proofreader will be fully conversant with OSCOLA and Harvard referencing and will be able to ensure that your essay, dissertation or thesis is compliant.

Do not hesitate to contact me with your Proofreading requirements.

The difference between writing at LLB and LLM level is significant. Not only are LLM dissertations normally longer, they require more in depth analyses and often a discussion of theoretical aspects of the respective legal subject under discussion.
Many students find the completion of their LL.M dissertation a daunting task as it will often be the first occasion that they have been asked to write such a lengthy, independently researched piece of work. Careful planning is key and students should be able to focus and adapt their ideas and arguments in order to obtain a good grade.

What is a Dissertation?

A dissertation, sometimes known as a thesis, is a document of 10,000 plus words which presents the findings of research into a specific area of the law studied during the course. The subject matter of the dissertation will usually be of a very specific nature requiring the student to demonstrate an in depth knowledge of the particular area of law interlaced with displaying an understanding of its interaction with other areas of the law and practice.

Choosing the topic
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Students will be aware when they commence their LLM that they will have to complete a dissertation in order to complete the LL.M. Students should be aware during the course of their studies of areas of law which particularly interest them and begin a degree of preparation in order to formulate and refine their arguments throughout their course. A number of possible areas of research can be explored and a suitable area eventually chosen. Great care should be taken when choosing the subject matter of the LL.M dissertation as later on it will prove difficult and time consuming for the student to alter their mind.
The student should formulate a clear idea of their intended subject matter and should discuss this with their tutor to ascertain if it is appropriate for the purposes of an LL.M dissertation. Hopefully the student will have developed an interest in one or two areas of law and will have discussed these with the tutor during the course making the final decision a relatively easy one. Often the student will have to submit an outline or proposal of the intended dissertation before the topic is given final acceptance. The proposal or outline is very important and great care should be taken in its presentation and content.

Writing a dissertation proposal can be tricky depending upon the number of words permitted. Limiting your proposal to 500 words means that there is no room for verbiage. Only essential pertinent point should be made to avoid peppering your Proposal with unnecessary words.

The Proposal should contain the Title; the Background; the Context of the research; the Research Questions and Objectives; the Methodology; the Timeline and Bibliography.  

The Proposal is extremely important as if it fails to impress your preferred university, then any hope of postgraduate studies will fail.
Due to its importance, it is worthwhile investing in the help of an experienced and professional writer to assist in your application.
Contact me to ensure you have the best opportunity for gaining admission to your postgraduate course.

Choosing your LLM topic

It sounds an easy task to choose your LLM subject. It is also a daunting task with the number of courses and providers overwhelming. Before choosing your subject area you need to consider Law school, location and your future career.

Here are some issues to consider when you are choosing your LLM.

Your subject interests

The LLM dissertation is a mammoth task so it is vital that you have an interest in your chosen subject area. Hopefully when studying your LLB you will have developed a preference for some areas of law over others. This will help you explore your preferred options and narrow them down to a short list. Your shortlist may also be determined by the career you intend to pursue. If you wish to lecture in International law or hope to join a firm which tackles corporate fraud then your chosen subject will be tailored to reflect those preferences.

Your strengths

If you are not influenced by your future career then you may be advised to choose a subject in which you excelled at undergraduate level. If you have a good understanding of a subject at LLB level it should be easier to study it at LLM level.

Online (Distance Learning) or LLM by Research

An important consideration is the manner in which you intend to study. Postgraduate study in law can be taught by online/distance learning or LLM by Research qualification.

Both the delivery and structure of each of these course types are different. If you are working part-time you may have to subscribe to distance learning. This type of learning allows flexibility but requires self discipline and independence. If you are not tied down you may be suited to module study, lectures and tutorials similar to those in your undergraduate degree. Many students like the idea of face to face tuition offered by the LLM by Research.